how does quantum computing work

 Definition

Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information. Unlike classical computers, which use bits that are either 0 or 1, quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits. 

Key Concepts in Quantum Computing

Quantum Bits (Qubits):

Instead of being limited to a classical form of 0 or 1, qubits can represent 0, 1, or both at the same time.

Superposition:

Because qubits can exist in more than one state at a time, it allows for staggering amount of possibilities to be processed simultaneously.

Entanglement:

Entangled qubits have dependent states which allows for coordinated computations with more than one qubit, increasing power and efficiency.

Quantum Gates and Circuits:

Operations on qubits are accomplished with quantum gates. Quantum circuits are created like classical logic gates but uses the power of quantum physics.

Interference:

An example of quantum interference is enhancing correct computation paths while cancelling incorrect ones making the computation easier to achieve the desired result.

Measurement:

Definitive state comprised of the result is produced with qubits in superposition measuring when is the point where the qubits were in designated state.

Specialized Hardware Requirements:

Qubits coherence and stability can only be preserved with specialized extremely low temperature environments, making controlling surroundings a necessity for quantum computers.

Applications:

Unlike classical computers, they are particularly proficient in cracking cryptographic solutions, optimization problems and simulating quantum systems that are hard to surpass.